{"id":19236,"date":"2022-03-24T14:09:50","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T11:09:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aicuz.com\/?p=19236"},"modified":"2023-09-26T18:44:24","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T13:44:24","slug":"islamic-insurance-takaful","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/islamic-insurance-takaful\/","title":{"rendered":"Islomiy sug\u2019urta \u2013 Takaful\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Takaful<\/strong> (Arabcha: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0644 so\u2019zidan olingan bo\u2019lib, ba\u2019zan \u00abbirdamlik\u00bb yoki o\u2019zaro kafolat deb tarjima qilinadi) \u2013 bu islomiy sug\u2019urta turi bo\u2019lib, unda ishtirokchilar bir-birlarini yo\u2019qotish yoki zararlardan kafolatlash uchun pul mablag\u2019larini \u201cpull\u201d tizimiga kiritadilar. Takaful brendi ostidagi sug\u2019urta shariat yoki islom dini qonunlariga asoslangan bo\u2019lib, odamlarning o\u2019zaro hamkorligida va bir-birlarini himoya qilishida mas\u2019uliyatlar mavjudligini tushuntiradi. Takaful polislari sog\u2019liq, hayot va umumiy sug\u2019urta ehtiyojlarini qoplaydi.<\/p>

Shariat tomonidan taqiqlangan foiz, qimor va noaniqlik bo\u2018yicha islom cheklovlariga zid deb hisoblangan tijorat sug\u2018urta\u00a0kompaniyalariga<\/em>\u00a0muqobil ravishda\u00a0Takaful<\/em>\u00a0sug\u2018urta kompaniyalari joriy etildi. Boshqa islomiy moliyaviy mahsulotlar singari,\u00a0Takaful<\/em>\u00a0ham islomiy tijorat va fuqarolik aktlari yoki operatsiyalari, islomiy huquqlarga asoslanadi.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong>Takaful sug\u2019urta polisi qanday ishlaydi<\/strong><\/h2>

Takaful shartnomasi doirasida barcha tomonlar yoki polis egalari bir-biriga kafolat beradilar va sug\u2019urta badallarini to\u2019lash o\u2019rniga \u201cpull\u201d ga yoki o\u2019zaro fondga hissa kiritadilar.Yig\u2019ilgan badallar yig\u2019indisi Takaful fondini tashkil qiladi. Har bir ishtirokchining hissasi ular talab qiladigan sug\u2019urta qoplamasi turiga va sharoitlariga bog\u2019liqdir. Takaful shartnomasida odatiy sug\u2019urta polisi kabi xavfning xarakteri va sug\u2019urta qoplamasi muddati ko\u2019rsatiladi.<\/p>

Takaful jamg\u2019armasi a\u2019zolar nomidan operator tomonidan boshqariladi va u xarajatlarni qoplash uchun kelishilgan to\u2019lovni<\/strong>oladi. An\u2019anaviy sug\u2019urta kompaniyasida bo\u2019lgani kabi, xarajatlarga sotish va marketing, anderrayting va da\u2019volarni boshqarish kiradi.<\/p>

A\u02bczolar tomonidan qilingan har qanday da\u02bcvolar Takaful jamg\u02bbarmasi hisobidan to\u02bblanadi, kelajakdagi da\u2019volarning ehtimoliy qiymati va boshqa zaxiralar uchun zaxiralar yaratilganidan so\u2019ng esa qolgan har qanday ortiqcha mablag\u2019 Takaful operatoriga emas, balki fond a\u02bczolariga tegishli bo\u02bbladi. Ushbu mablag\u2019lar ishtirokchilarga naqd dividendlar ko\u2019rinishida, taqsimlash ko\u2019rinishida yoki kelajakdagi badallarni kamaytirish yo\u2019li bilan taqsimlanishi mumkin.\u00a0<\/p>

Takaful jamg\u2019armasini boshqaruvchi islom sug\u2019urta kompaniyasi quyidagi tamoyillarga muvofiq harakat qilishi kerak:<\/h3>
  • Islom hamkorlik tamoyillariga muvofiq harakat qilishi kerak.<\/li>
  • Qayta sug\u2019urtalash komissiyasi faqat islomiy sug\u2019urta va qayta sug\u2019urtalash kompaniyalaridan olinishi yoki to\u2019lanishi mumkin.<\/li>
  • Sug\u2019urta kompaniyasi ikkita alohida jamg\u2019armani saqlashi kerak: a\u2019zolar va sug\u2019urtalovchilar fondi va aksiyadorlar fondi.<\/li><\/ul>

    Maxsus mulohazalar<\/strong><\/h2>

    Allied Market Research ma\u2019lumotlariga ko\u2019ra, Takafulning global sug\u2019urta bozori 2020-yilda 24,85 milliard dollar miqdorida baholangan va 2030-yilga kelib 97,17 milliard dollarga yetishi kutilmoqda, bu esa 2021-yildan 2030-yilgacha o\u2019rtacha 14,6% ga o\u2019sishini ko\u2019rsatadi.<\/p>

    Dunyo musulmon aholisining 60% yosh musulmonlardan tashkil topganligi sababli\u201425 yoshdan kam-bu demografik ma'lumotlar vaqt o'tishi bilan ularning boyligi o'sib borishi bilan katta mijozlar bazasini aks ettirishi mumkin.<\/p>

    Tadqiqot va bozor hisobotiga ko\u2019ra, Takaful bozoridagi eng yirik nomlardan ba\u2019zilari quyidagilardan iborat:<\/p>

    • Islamic Insurance Company<\/li>
    • JamaPunji<\/li>
    • AMAN<\/li>
    • Salama<\/li>
    • Standard Chartered<\/li>
    • Takaful Brunei Darussalam Sdn Bhd<\/li>
    • Allianz<\/li>
    • Prudential BSN Takaful Berhad<\/li>
    • Zurich Malaysia<\/li>
    • Takaful Malaysia<\/li>
    • Qatar Islamic Insurance Company.<\/li><\/ul>

      Takaful sug\u2019urtasi va an\u2019anaviy sug\u2019urta\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>

      Aksariyat islom huquqshunoslari quyidagi sabablarga ko\u2019ra an\u2019anaviy sug\u2019urtani shariatga muvofiq emasligi sababli Islomda qabul qilinmaydi degan xulosaga kelishadi:<\/p>

      • An\u2019anaviy sug\u2019urta al-g\u2019aror yoki noaniqlik elementini o\u2019z ichiga oladi.\u00a0Takaful<\/em>yoki noaniqlik.<\/li>
      • An\u2019anaviy sug\u2019urta tushunchasi va amaliyoti foizlarni to\u2019lashga\u00a0asoslanadi.<\/em>\u00a0slom sug\u2019urtasi esa tabarruga asoslanadi, bu erda a\u2019zolar tomonidan to\u2019langan badallarning bir qismi ehson sifatida qabul qilinadi. Shuning uchun Takaful polisi egalari odatda ishtirokchilar deb ataladi.<\/li>
      • An\u2019anaviy sug\u2019urta qimor o\u2019yinlarining bir turi hisoblanadi.<\/li><\/ul>

        Fiqh olimlari<\/strong><\/h2>

        Islom Hamkorlik Tashkilotining Fiqh Akademiyasi (Xalqaro islom fiqhi akademiyasi deb ham ataladi) ikkinchi sessiyasida (1985-yil dekabr) an\u2019anaviy tijorat sug\u02bburtasi (lekin ijtimoiy sug\u02bburta emas) harom (taqiqlangan) deb qaror qildi. Uning to\u2019qqizinchi rezolyutsiyasida shunday deyilgan:<\/p>

        Tijorat sug\u2019urta kompaniyalari tomonidan qo\u2019llaniladigan, belgilangan\u00a0sug\u2019urta<\/em>mukofoti bilan tijorat sug\u2019urta shartnomasi, shartnomani haqiqiy emas deb hisoblaydigan katta jarimalarni o\u2019z ichiga oladi. Shuning uchun qonun bilan taqiqlangan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Takaful (Arabic:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644, sometimes translated as “solidarity” or mutual guarantee) is a type of Islamic insurance wherein members contribute money into a pool\u00a0system to guarantee each other against loss or damage. Takaful-branded insurance is based on\u00a0sharia\u00a0or Islamic religious law, which explains how individuals are responsible to cooperate and protect one another. Takaful policies cover health, life, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21833,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaic.beto.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}